I write about AI and Geopolitics
The most important AI risks in 2026 are not at the model layer. They sit lower down, in memory, networking, power, cloud access, and the physical systems that keep AI running. That is where the real leverage is. These bottlenecks decide who can scale, who gets delayed, and who ends up dependent on someone else’s … Read more
For years, AI was talked about as if it lived nowhere. It was “in the cloud,” which made it sound borderless, weightless, almost detached from the physical world. But that was always only half true. The cloud has buildings. It has land, substations, cooling systems, permits, cables, backup power, and legal jurisdictions. It can be … Read more
Supporting AI’s development does not mean suspending judgment about its costs. In an age of climate anxiety, societies are being asked to accept a great many things on faith. Build more transmission. Build more batteries. Build more solar. Build more nuclear. Build more cooling. Build more computation. Much of that may in fact be necessary. … Read more
A single industrial machine — weighing roughly 180 tons and assembled from over 100,000 precision components — may shape the trajectory of global artificial intelligence competition. Built exclusively by the Dutch firm ASML, the Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) lithography scanner is the only commercially available system capable of mass-producing the world’s most advanced semiconductor chips. Since … Read more
Introduction: Beyond the Bubble Narrative As market volatility leads some to question the longevity of the AI sector, many commentators have labeled the technology a speculative bubble. Stock-market bubbles reflect sentiment—optimism, hype, and fear—which can burst overnight. The “bubble” narrative persists because speculative frenzy in public markets is far easier to see than the technical … Read more